{"id":834,"date":"2020-09-22T17:31:51","date_gmt":"2020-09-22T21:31:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/med.virginia.edu\/big\/?p=834"},"modified":"2026-05-22T16:59:19","modified_gmt":"2026-05-22T20:59:19","slug":"concussion-discovery-reveals-dire-unknown-effect-of-even-mild-brain-injuries","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/med.virginia.edu\/big\/2020\/09\/22\/concussion-discovery-reveals-dire-unknown-effect-of-even-mild-brain-injuries\/","title":{"rendered":"Concussion Discovery Reveals Dire Unknown Effect of Even Mild Brain Injuries"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"Concussion<\/h1>\n
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Illustration by Alexandra Angelich, University Communications<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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September\u00a0 2020<\/span> – E<\/span>ven mild\u00a0concussions cause severe and long-lasting impairments in the brain\u2019s ability to clean itself of toxins, and this may seed it for Alzheimer\u2019s disease, dementia and other neurodegenerative problems, new research from the\u00a0University of Virginia School of Medicine<\/a>\u00a0reveals.<\/div>\n
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The discovery offers important insights into traumatic brain injury, a poorly understood condition that has become a major public concern, particularly in sports and for the military. The findings help explain why TBI is so harmful and why it can have such long-term effects. The research suggests that certain patients are at greater risk of a decline in brain function later in life, but the findings also pave the way for new and better treatments.<\/p>\n

\u201cThis provides some of the best evidence yet that if you haven\u2019t recovered from a brain injury and you get hit in the head again, you\u2019re going to have even more severe consequences,\u201d said John Lukens of UVA\u2019s Department of Neuroscience and the Center for Brain Immunology and Glia, or the BIG Center. \u201cThis reinforces the idea that you have to give people an opportunity to heal. And if you don\u2019t, you\u2019re putting yourself at a much higher risk for long-term consequences that you might not see in a year, but could see in a couple of decades.”<\/p>\n

New Understanding of TBI<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Lukens\u2019\u00a0research identifies a previously unknown consequence of TBI that can have long-lasting effects. When the brain swells, it presses against the skull; trapped in-between are tiny lymphatic vessels that clean the brain. This pressure on the vessels, the UVA researchers found, causes serious and long-lasting impairment of the brain\u2019s ability to purge itself of toxins. Working with lab mice, one of the best models of TBI available, the scientists found the impairment could last at least two weeks \u2013 a long time for mice \u2013 and possibly much longer.<\/p>\n

These lymphatic vessels were identified by Jonathan Kipnis and his collaborators at UVA in 2015. Until then, medical textbooks insisted the vessels did not exist and that the brain was \u201cimmune privileged,\u201d meaning that it did not interact with the immune system. Kipnis\u2019 discovery\u00a0changed all that<\/a><\/strong>, and he has since determined the vessels play important roles in both Alzheimer\u2019s and the cognitive decline that comes with age.<\/p>\n

Now they emerge as an important player in TBI. \u201cWe know that traumatic brain injury carries an increased risk for a bunch of long-term issues like dementia, Alzheimer\u2019s disease and [chronic traumatic encephalopathy], and this has really been made extra-public because of the NFL,\u201d said researcher Ashley C. Bolte, an M.D.\/Ph.D. student. \u201cThen there\u2019s also anxiety, depression, suicide. The reasons why TBI results in increased risk for this isn\u2019t totally known, and we think that our findings might provide a mechanism as to why.\u201d<\/p>\n

People Most at Risk<\/strong><\/h3>\n

The research suggests that people who have pre-existing problems with their brain drainage, either from prior concussions or naturally, are likely to suffer much more severe consequences from TBI. In mice, this led to more brain inflammation and worse outcomes, including memory impairment. \u201cIf you have a pre-existing kink in the pipes and you get hit in the head, then everything is taken to a higher level \u2013 the impacts on memory, the neuroinflammation,\u201d Lukens said. \u201cThere are a lot of implications to it.\u201d<\/p>\n

Emerging imaging technology may eventually make it possible for doctors to identify people who will suffer the greatest consequences of TBI. More good news: Lukens also believes that doctors may one day be able to rejuvenate the impaired lymphatic vessels with drugs to improve patients\u2019 outcomes and possibly stave off long-term consequences. (This also may prove useful in the battle against the cognitive decline that naturally occurs with age.)<\/p>\n

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\"John<\/span>The research by John Lukens, left, and graduate student Ashley Bolte identifies how concussions can pave the way for longer-term damage to the brain. (Photo by Dan Addison, University Communications)<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

In addition, Lukens said, it eventually may be possible for doctors to evaluate brain drainage after injury to determine when it is safest for patients to return to action.<\/p>\n

\u201cRight now, we really don\u2019t know what to tell these kids who want to get back out on the field, or even members of the military,\u201d Lukens said. \u201cIt would be important to have empirical tests to say you can continue \u2013 or never to do those things ever again.\u201d<\/p>\n

About the TBI Research<\/strong><\/h3>\n

The researchers have\u00a0published their findings in the scientific journal Nature Communications<\/a>. The research team consisted of Bolte, Arun B. Dutta, Mariah E. Hurt, Igor Smirnov, Michael A. Kovacs, Celia A. McKee, Hannah E. Ennerfelt, Daniel Shapiro, Bao H. Nguyen, Elizabeth L. Frost, Catherine R. Lammert, Kipnis and Lukens.<\/p>\n

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This work was supported by the National Institutes of Health\u2019s National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (grant R01NS106383), the Alzheimer\u2019s Association (grant AARG-18-566113), the Owens Family Foundation and a University of Virginia Research and Development Award. Bolte and Kovacs were supported by a Medical Scientist Training Program Grant (5T32GM007267-38) and an Immunology Training Grant (5T32AI007496-25). Lammert was supported by an NIH National Institute of General Medical Sciences predoctoral training grant (3T32GM008328) and a Wagner Fellowship. Frost was supported by a National Multiple Sclerosis Foundation Postdoctoral Fellowship (FG-1707-28590).<\/em><\/div>\n<\/div>\n

To keep up with the latest medical research news from UVA, subscribe to the\u00a0<\/em>Making of Medicine<\/u><\/em><\/strong><\/a>\u00a0blog.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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By Josh Barney, jdb9a@virginia.edu,<\/a><\/span>\u00a0434-906-8864<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/article>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Illustration by Alexandra Angelich, University Communications September\u00a0 2020 – Even mild\u00a0concussions cause severe and long-lasting impairments in the brain\u2019s ability to clean itself of toxins, and this may seed it for Alzheimer\u2019s disease, dementia and other neurodegenerative problems, new research from the\u00a0University of Virginia School of Medicine\u00a0reveals. The discovery offers important insights into traumatic brain […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1546,"featured_media":835,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[4],"tags":[6],"class_list":["post-834","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news","tag-intranet"],"acf":false,"yoast_head":"\nConcussion Discovery Reveals Dire Unknown Effect of Even Mild Brain Injuries - Center for Brain Immunology and Glia (BIG)<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/med.virginia.edu\/big\/2020\/09\/22\/concussion-discovery-reveals-dire-unknown-effect-of-even-mild-brain-injuries\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Concussion Discovery Reveals Dire Unknown Effect of Even Mild Brain Injuries - Center for Brain Immunology and Glia (BIG)\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Illustration by Alexandra Angelich, University Communications September\u00a0 2020 – Even mild\u00a0concussions cause severe and long-lasting impairments in the brain\u2019s ability to clean itself of toxins, and this may seed it for Alzheimer\u2019s disease, dementia and other neurodegenerative problems, new research from the\u00a0University of Virginia School of Medicine\u00a0reveals. 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