{"id":281,"date":"2015-12-21T14:20:23","date_gmt":"2015-12-21T19:20:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/med.virginia.edu\/ciag\/?page_id=281"},"modified":"2026-06-03T13:49:01","modified_gmt":"2026-06-03T17:49:01","slug":"threats-to-symbols-of-american-democracy","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/med.virginia.edu\/ciag\/ciag-conferences\/monographs\/threats-to-symbols-of-american-democracy\/","title":{"rendered":"Threats to Symbols of American Democracy (2000)"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>Threats to Symbols of American Democracy<\/h2>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-287 alignnone\" src=\"https:\/\/med.virginia.edu\/ciag\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/313\/2015\/12\/confparty_small-300x294.jpg\" alt=\"confparty_small\" width=\"300\" height=\"294\" srcset=\"https:\/\/med.virginia.edu\/ciag\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/313\/2015\/12\/confparty_small.jpg 300w, https:\/\/med.virginia.edu\/ciag\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/313\/2015\/12\/confparty_small-50x50.jpg 50w, https:\/\/med.virginia.edu\/ciag\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/313\/2015\/12\/confparty_small-70x70.jpg 70w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/p>\n<h4>Description<\/h4>\n<p>University of Virginia<br \/>\nCharlottesville, VA<\/p>\n<p>April 10 to April 11, 2000<\/p>\n<p>This conference examined the relationship between our architecture and symbolic understanding of government. It specifically investigated whether attacks on public buildings like the National Capitol and the Murrah Building are related in any way to the architecture and its symbolic value.<\/p>\n<h4>Distinguished Guests<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Wilton Dillon<\/strong> &#8211; Scholar Emeritus, Smithsonian Institution<\/li>\n<li><strong>Honorable Wilson Livingood<\/strong> &#8211; Sergeant-at-Arms, U.S. House of Representatives<\/li>\n<li><strong>John Norton Moore<\/strong> &#8211; Director, Institute on Law and National Security, University of Virginia School of Law<\/li>\n<li><strong>Robert Vaughan<\/strong> &#8211; President, Virginia Foundation for the Humanities<\/li>\n<li><strong>Michael Wermuth<\/strong> &#8211; Rand Corp, Washington D.C., Advisory Panel on Domestic Response to Terrorism<\/li>\n<li><strong>Richard Guy Wilson<\/strong> &#8211; Commonweath Professor and Chair, Architectural History, University of Virginia School of Architecture<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>Key Panels and Discussions<\/h4>\n<p>Case Presentations were provided on the Murrah Federal Building attack, the shooting in the U.S. Capitol by Russell Weston, and the Columbine shootings.<\/p>\n<h4>Representative Insights<\/h4>\n<p>&#8220;When a traumatic event starts, it\u2019s too late for a leader to establish trust. You have to work at establishing that before you get into a crisis situation. If the public goes into it with suspicion or cynicism toward leadership there is nothing much that a leader can do to gain that trust in a crisis.&#8221; &#8211; <strong>Ambassador W. N. Howell<\/strong><br \/>\n&#8220;We have to try to minimize the risk to the greatest extent possible without making the Capitol look like an armed camp, and that\u2019s a challenge.&#8221; &#8211; <strong>Wilson Livingood<\/strong><br \/>\n&#8220;I don\u2019t get the calls where somebody says, \u2018Hey, we have been doing everything you said, we\u2019ve been here a half hour, he\u2019s coming out, thanks a lot.\u2019 I don\u2019t get those. I get the calls that \u2018it\u2019s all messed up, we have a problem.\u2019 Well, what have you been doing? And you find that for four, five, six hours, two days, they have been droning endlessly about \u2018Charlie, when are you coming out? We need you to come out, Charlie!\u201d And no one ever stops to listen to this guy.&#8221; &#8211; <strong>Gary Noesner, Crisis Negotiation Unit, FBI<\/strong><\/p>\n<h4>Images<\/h4>\n\n\t\t<style type=\"text\/css\">\n\t\t\t#gallery-2 {\n\t\t\t\tmargin: auto;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t#gallery-2 .gallery-item {\n\t\t\t\tfloat: left;\n\t\t\t\tmargin-top: 10px;\n\t\t\t\ttext-align: center;\n\t\t\t\twidth: 50%;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t#gallery-2 img {\n\t\t\t\tborder: 2px solid #cfcfcf;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t#gallery-2 .gallery-caption {\n\t\t\t\tmargin-left: 0;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\/* see gallery_shortcode() in wp-includes\/media.php *\/\n\t\t<\/style>\n\t\t<div id='gallery-2' class='gallery galleryid-281 gallery-columns-2 gallery-size-full'><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"248\" height=\"131\" src=\"https:\/\/med.virginia.edu\/ciag\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/313\/2015\/12\/saathoff2000.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full\" alt=\"Mike Wermuth, Greg Saathoff, Larry Ankrom\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-2-531\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/dt>\n\t\t\t\t<dd class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-2-531'>\n\t\t\t\tMike Wermuth, Greg Saathoff, Larry Ankrom\n\t\t\t\t<\/dd><\/dl><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" src=\"https:\/\/med.virginia.edu\/ciag\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/313\/2015\/12\/marsh2000.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full\" alt=\"Jack Marsh, former Secretary of the Army\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-2-530\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/dt>\n\t\t\t\t<dd class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-2-530'>\n\t\t\t\tJack Marsh, former Secretary of the Army\n\t\t\t\t<\/dd><\/dl><br style=\"clear: both\" \/><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"249\" height=\"158\" src=\"https:\/\/med.virginia.edu\/ciag\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/313\/2015\/12\/virginiagents2000.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full\" alt=\"The Virginia Gentlemen at the banquet\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-2-532\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/dt>\n\t\t\t\t<dd class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-2-532'>\n\t\t\t\tThe Virginia Gentlemen at the banquet\n\t\t\t\t<\/dd><\/dl><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"248\" height=\"126\" src=\"https:\/\/med.virginia.edu\/ciag\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/313\/2015\/12\/confpanel2000.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full\" alt=\"Panel discussion during the 2000 CIAG conference.\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-2-529\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/dt>\n\t\t\t\t<dd class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-2-529'>\n\t\t\t\tPanel discussion during the 2000 CIAG conference.\n\t\t\t\t<\/dd><\/dl><br style=\"clear: both\" \/>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Threats to Symbols of American Democracy Description University of Virginia Charlottesville, VA April 10 to April 11, 2000 This conference examined the relationship between our architecture and symbolic understanding of government. It specifically investigated whether attacks on public buildings like the National Capitol and the Murrah Building are related in any way to the architecture [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2416,"featured_media":0,"parent":1780,"menu_order":17,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"tags":[],"class_list":["post-281","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Threats to Symbols of American Democracy (2000) - Critical Incident Analysis Group<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/med.virginia.edu\/ciag\/ciag-conferences\/monographs\/threats-to-symbols-of-american-democracy\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Threats to Symbols of American Democracy (2000) - Critical Incident Analysis Group\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Threats to Symbols of American Democracy Description University of Virginia Charlottesville, VA April 10 to April 11, 2000 This conference examined the relationship between our architecture and symbolic understanding of government. It specifically investigated whether attacks on public buildings like the National Capitol and the Murrah Building are related in any way to the architecture [&hellip;]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/med.virginia.edu\/ciag\/ciag-conferences\/monographs\/threats-to-symbols-of-american-democracy\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Critical Incident Analysis Group\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-06-03T17:49:01+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/med.virginia.edu\/ciag\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/313\/2015\/12\/saathoff2000.jpg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"5 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/med.virginia.edu\\\/ciag\\\/ciag-conferences\\\/monographs\\\/threats-to-symbols-of-american-democracy\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/med.virginia.edu\\\/ciag\\\/ciag-conferences\\\/monographs\\\/threats-to-symbols-of-american-democracy\\\/\",\"name\":\"Threats to Symbols of American Democracy (2000) - Critical Incident Analysis Group\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/med.virginia.edu\\\/ciag\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/med.virginia.edu\\\/ciag\\\/ciag-conferences\\\/monographs\\\/threats-to-symbols-of-american-democracy\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/med.virginia.edu\\\/ciag\\\/ciag-conferences\\\/monographs\\\/threats-to-symbols-of-american-democracy\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/med.virginia.edu\\\/ciag\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sites\\\/313\\\/2015\\\/12\\\/confparty_small-300x294.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2015-12-21T19:20:23+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-06-03T17:49:01+00:00\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/med.virginia.edu\\\/ciag\\\/ciag-conferences\\\/monographs\\\/threats-to-symbols-of-american-democracy\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/med.virginia.edu\\\/ciag\\\/ciag-conferences\\\/monographs\\\/threats-to-symbols-of-american-democracy\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/med.virginia.edu\\\/ciag\\\/ciag-conferences\\\/monographs\\\/threats-to-symbols-of-american-democracy\\\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/med.virginia.edu\\\/ciag\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sites\\\/313\\\/2015\\\/12\\\/confparty_small.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/med.virginia.edu\\\/ciag\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sites\\\/313\\\/2015\\\/12\\\/confparty_small.jpg\",\"width\":300,\"height\":294,\"caption\":\"a group photo on the stairs of the rotunda\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/med.virginia.edu\\\/ciag\\\/ciag-conferences\\\/monographs\\\/threats-to-symbols-of-american-democracy\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/med.virginia.edu\\\/ciag\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Conference Monographs\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/med.virginia.edu\\\/ciag\\\/ciag-conferences\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":3,\"name\":\"Monographs\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/med.virginia.edu\\\/ciag\\\/ciag-conferences\\\/monographs\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":4,\"name\":\"Threats to Symbols of American Democracy (2000)\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/med.virginia.edu\\\/ciag\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/med.virginia.edu\\\/ciag\\\/\",\"name\":\"Critical Incident Analysis Group\",\"description\":\"University of Virginia School of Medicine\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/med.virginia.edu\\\/ciag\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Threats to Symbols of American Democracy (2000) - Critical Incident Analysis Group","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/med.virginia.edu\/ciag\/ciag-conferences\/monographs\/threats-to-symbols-of-american-democracy\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Threats to Symbols of American Democracy (2000) - Critical Incident Analysis Group","og_description":"Threats to Symbols of American Democracy Description University of Virginia Charlottesville, VA April 10 to April 11, 2000 This conference examined the relationship between our architecture and symbolic understanding of government. It specifically investigated whether attacks on public buildings like the National Capitol and the Murrah Building are related in any way to the architecture [&hellip;]","og_url":"https:\/\/med.virginia.edu\/ciag\/ciag-conferences\/monographs\/threats-to-symbols-of-american-democracy\/","og_site_name":"Critical Incident Analysis Group","article_modified_time":"2026-06-03T17:49:01+00:00","og_image":[{"url":"https:\/\/med.virginia.edu\/ciag\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/313\/2015\/12\/saathoff2000.jpg","type":"","width":"","height":""}],"twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Est. reading time":"5 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/med.virginia.edu\/ciag\/ciag-conferences\/monographs\/threats-to-symbols-of-american-democracy\/","url":"https:\/\/med.virginia.edu\/ciag\/ciag-conferences\/monographs\/threats-to-symbols-of-american-democracy\/","name":"Threats to Symbols of American Democracy (2000) - Critical Incident Analysis Group","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/med.virginia.edu\/ciag\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/med.virginia.edu\/ciag\/ciag-conferences\/monographs\/threats-to-symbols-of-american-democracy\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/med.virginia.edu\/ciag\/ciag-conferences\/monographs\/threats-to-symbols-of-american-democracy\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/med.virginia.edu\/ciag\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/313\/2015\/12\/confparty_small-300x294.jpg","datePublished":"2015-12-21T19:20:23+00:00","dateModified":"2026-06-03T17:49:01+00:00","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/med.virginia.edu\/ciag\/ciag-conferences\/monographs\/threats-to-symbols-of-american-democracy\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/med.virginia.edu\/ciag\/ciag-conferences\/monographs\/threats-to-symbols-of-american-democracy\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/med.virginia.edu\/ciag\/ciag-conferences\/monographs\/threats-to-symbols-of-american-democracy\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/med.virginia.edu\/ciag\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/313\/2015\/12\/confparty_small.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/med.virginia.edu\/ciag\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/313\/2015\/12\/confparty_small.jpg","width":300,"height":294,"caption":"a group photo on the stairs of the rotunda"},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/med.virginia.edu\/ciag\/ciag-conferences\/monographs\/threats-to-symbols-of-american-democracy\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/med.virginia.edu\/ciag\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Conference Monographs","item":"https:\/\/med.virginia.edu\/ciag\/ciag-conferences\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":3,"name":"Monographs","item":"https:\/\/med.virginia.edu\/ciag\/ciag-conferences\/monographs\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":4,"name":"Threats to Symbols of American Democracy (2000)"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/med.virginia.edu\/ciag\/#website","url":"https:\/\/med.virginia.edu\/ciag\/","name":"Critical Incident Analysis Group","description":"University of Virginia School of Medicine","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/med.virginia.edu\/ciag\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/med.virginia.edu\/ciag\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/281","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/med.virginia.edu\/ciag\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/med.virginia.edu\/ciag\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/med.virginia.edu\/ciag\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2416"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/med.virginia.edu\/ciag\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=281"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/med.virginia.edu\/ciag\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/281\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1723,"href":"https:\/\/med.virginia.edu\/ciag\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/281\/revisions\/1723"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/med.virginia.edu\/ciag\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1780"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/med.virginia.edu\/ciag\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=281"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/med.virginia.edu\/ciag\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=281"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}