Douglas E. Lake

External Validation Complexities: A Comparative Study of Late-onset Sepsis Prediction Models Across Multiple Clinical Environments
IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering. 2026; 73(5): 1921 - 1932. DOI:10.1109/TBME.2025.3618080.

Organism- and Mortality-Specific Cardiorespiratory Patterns in Late-Onset Neonatal Sepsis: A Four-Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Study of Very Low Birth Weight Infants
American Journal of Perinatology. 2026; 43(06): 794 - 799. DOI:10.1055/A-2693-0426.

Cardiorespiratory signatures of necrotizing enterocolitis: a 4-NICU study of very low birth weight infants
Pediatric Research. 2025; DOI:10.1038/S41390-025-04631-8.

Clinical correlates of a high cardiorespiratory risk score for very low birth weight infants
Pediatric Research. 2025; 97(6): 2005 - 2009. DOI:10.1038/S41390-024-03580-Y.

Comparing machine learning techniques for neonatal mortality prediction: insights from a modeling competition
Pediatric Research. 2025; 98(2): 405 - 411. DOI:10.1038/S41390-024-03773-5.

Fast leave-one-cluster-out cross-validation using clustered network information criterion
Statistical Methods in Medical Research. 2025; 34(7): 1413 - 1430. DOI:10.1177/09622802251345486.

Heart rate patterns predicting cerebral palsy in preterm infants
Pediatric Research. 2025; 97(3): 1040 - 1046. DOI:10.1038/S41390-023-02853-2.

Apnea, Intermittent Hypoxemia, and Bradycardia Events Predict Late-Onset Sepsis in Infants Born Extremely Preterm
The Journal of Pediatrics. 2024; 271: 114042. DOI:10.1016/J.JPEDS.2024.114042.

Corrigendum: Highly comparative time series analysis of oxygen saturation and heart rate to predict respiratory outcomes in extremely preterm infants (2024 Physiol. Meas. 45 055025)
Physiological Measurement. 2024; 45(10): 109501. DOI:10.1088/1361-6579/AD84D4.

Heart Rate and Pulse Oximetry Dynamics in the First Week after Birth in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Patients and the Risk of Cerebral Palsy
American Journal of Perinatology. 2024; 41(S 01): e528 - e535. DOI:10.1055/S-0042-1756335.

Highly comparative time series analysis of oxygen saturation and heart rate to predict respiratory outcomes in extremely preterm infants
Physiological Measurement. 2024; 45(5): 055025. DOI:10.1088/1361-6579/AD4E91.

Maturation of cardioventilatory physiological trajectories in extremely preterm infants
Pediatric Research. 2024; 95(4): 1060 - 1069. DOI:10.1038/S41390-023-02839-0.

A novel predictive analytics score reflecting accumulating disease burden—an investigation of the cumulative CoMET score
Physiological Measurement. 2023; 44(5): 055005. DOI:10.1088/1361-6579/ACA878.

Cardiorespiratory Monitoring Data to Predict Respiratory Outcomes in Extremely Preterm Infants
American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine. 2023; 208(1): 79 - 97. DOI:10.1164/RCCM.202210-1971OC.

Cardiorespiratory signature of neonatal sepsis: development and validation of prediction models in 3 NICUs
Pediatric Research. 2023; 93(7): 1913 - 1921. DOI:10.1038/S41390-022-02444-7.

Continuous ECG monitoring should be the heart of bedside AI-based predictive analytics monitoring for early detection of clinical deterioration
Journal of Electrocardiology. 2023; 76: 35 - 38. DOI:10.1016/J.JELECTROCARD.2022.10.011.

Discovery of signatures of fatal neonatal illness in vital signs using highly comparative time-series analysis
npj Digital Medicine. 2022; 5(1):. DOI:10.1038/S41746-021-00551-Z.

FAIRSCAPE: a Framework for FAIR and Reproducible Biomedical Analytics
Neuroinformatics. 2022; 20(1): 187 - 202. DOI:10.1007/S12021-021-09529-4.

Multivariable predictive models of death or neurodevelopmental impairment among extremely low birth weight infants using heart rate characteristics
The Journal of Pediatrics. 2022; 242: 137 - 144.e4. DOI:10.1016/J.JPEDS.2021.11.026.

Sequence to Sequence ECG Cardiac Rhythm Classification using Convolutional Recurrent Neural Networks
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine. 2022; 26(2): 572 - 580. DOI:10.1109/JBHI.2021.3098662.

Signatures of illness in children requiring unplanned intubation in the pediatric intensive care unit: A retrospective cohort machine-learning study
Frontiers in Pediatrics. 2022; 10:. DOI:10.3389/FPED.2022.1016269.

Autism risk in neonatal intensive care unit patients associated with novel heart rate patterns
Pediatric Research. 2021; 90(6): 1186 - 1192. DOI:10.1038/S41390-021-01381-1.

Central Apnea of Prematurity: Does Sex Matter?
American Journal of Perinatology. 2021; 38(13): 1428 - 1434. DOI:10.1055/S-0040-1713405.

Clinical and vital sign changes associated with late-onset sepsis in very low birth weight infants at 3 NICUs
Journal of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine. 2021; 14(4): 553 - 561. DOI:10.3233/NPM-200578.

Correction: Vital sign metrics of VLBW infants in three NICUs: implications for predictive algorithms
Pediatric Research. 2021; 90(1): 233 - 233. DOI:10.1038/S41390-021-01621-4.

External validation of a novel signature of illness in continuous cardiorespiratory monitoring to detect early respiratory deterioration of ICU patients
Physiological Measurement. 2021; 42(9): 095006. DOI:10.1088/1361-6579/AC2264.

Physiological machine learning models for prediction of sepsis in hospitalized adults: An integrative review
Intensive and Critical Care Nursing. 2021; 65: 103035. DOI:10.1016/J.ICCN.2021.103035.

The critical care data exchange format: a proposed flexible data standard for combining clinical and high-frequency physiologic data in critical care
Physiological Measurement. 2021; 42(6): 065002. DOI:10.1088/1361-6579/ABFC9B.

Vital sign metrics of VLBW infants in three NICUs: implications for predictive algorithms
Pediatric Research. 2021; 90(1): 125 - 130. DOI:10.1038/S41390-021-01428-3.

Blood pressure ranges via non-invasive and invasive monitoring techniques in premature neonates using high resolution physiologic data
Journal of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine. 2020; 13(3): 351 - 358. DOI:10.3233/NPM-190260.

Correction: Oxygen desaturations in the early neonatal period predict development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia
Pediatric Research. 2020; 88(5): 820 - 820. DOI:10.1038/S41390-020-0821-X.

Correction: Recovery from bradycardia and desaturation events at 32 weeks corrected age and NICU length of stay: an indicator of physiologic resilience?
Pediatric Research. 2020; 88(5): 821 - 821. DOI:10.1038/S41390-020-0822-9.

Early Detection of In-Patient Deterioration: One Prediction Model Does Not Fit All
Critical Care Explorations. 2020; 2(5): e0116. DOI:10.1097/CCE.0000000000000116.

Heart rate fragmentation gives novel insights into non-autonomic mechanisms governing beat-to-beat control of the heart’s rhythm
JRSM Cardiovascular Disease. 2020; 9:. DOI:10.1177/2048004020948732.

Meningitis, urinary tract, and bloodstream infections in very low birth weight infants enrolled in a heart rate characteristics monitoring trial
Pediatric Research. 2020; 87(7): 1226 - 1230. DOI:10.1038/S41390-019-0701-4.

Mortality and Neurodevelopmental Outcomes in the Heart Rate Characteristics Monitoring Randomized Controlled Trial
The Journal of Pediatrics. 2020; 219: 48 - 53. DOI:10.1016/J.JPEDS.2019.12.066.

Predicting “Sepsis Ruled In” in Very Low Birth Weight NICU patients: A 3-NICU collaboration
Pediatrics. 2020; 146(1_MeetingAbstrac): 364 - 366. DOI:10.1542/PEDS.146.1MA4.364B.

Towards development of alert thresholds for clinical deterioration using continuous predictive analytics monitoring
Journal of Clinical Monitoring and Computing. 2020; 34(4): 797 - 804. DOI:10.1007/S10877-019-00361-5.

Trajectories of the heart rate characteristics index, a physiomarker of sepsis in premature infants, predict Neonatal ICU mortality
JRSM Cardiovascular Disease. 2020; 9:. DOI:10.1177/2048004020945142.

Early hypoxemia burden is strongly associated with severe intracranial hemorrhage in preterm infants
Journal of Perinatology. 2019; 39(1): 48 - 53. DOI:10.1038/S41372-018-0236-2.

Impact of predictive analytics based on continuous cardiorespiratory monitoring in a surgical and trauma intensive care unit
Journal of Clinical Monitoring and Computing. 2019; 33(4): 703 - 711. DOI:10.1007/S10877-018-0194-4.

Imputation of partial pressures of arterial oxygen using oximetry and its impact on sepsis diagnosis
Physiological Measurement. 2019; 40(11): 115008. DOI:10.1088/1361-6579/AB5154.

Oxygen desaturations in the early neonatal period predict development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia
Pediatric Research. 2019; 85(7): 987 - 993. DOI:10.1038/S41390-018-0223-5.

Predictive analytics in the pediatric intensive care unit for early identification of sepsis: capturing the context of age
Pediatric Research. 2019; 86(5): 655 - 661. DOI:10.1038/S41390-019-0518-1.

Pre-Vent: the prematurity-related ventilatory control study
Pediatric Research. 2019; 85(6): 769 - 776. DOI:10.1038/S41390-019-0317-8.

Recovery from bradycardia and desaturation events at 32 weeks corrected age and NICU length of stay: an indicator of physiologic resilience?
Pediatric Research. 2019; 86(5): 622 - 627. DOI:10.1038/S41390-019-0488-3.

Cross-Correlation of Heart Rate and Oxygen Saturation in Very Low Birthweight Infants: Association with Apnea and Adverse Events
American Journal of Perinatology. 2018; 35(05): 463 - 469. DOI:10.1055/S-0037-1608709.

Dynamic data monitoring improves predictive analytics for failed extubation in the ICU
Physiological Measurement. 2018; 39(7): 075005. DOI:10.1088/1361-6579/AACE95.

Early Pulse Oximetry Data Improves Prediction of Death and Adverse Outcomes in a Two-Center Cohort of Very Low Birth Weight Infants
American Journal of Perinatology. 2018; 35(13): 1331 - 1338. DOI:10.1055/S-0038-1654712.

Heart rate ranges in premature neonates using high resolution physiologic data
Journal of Perinatology. 2018; 38(9): 1242 - 1245. DOI:10.1038/S41372-018-0156-1.

Identifying the low risk patient in surgical intensive and intermediate care units using continuous monitoring
Surgery. 2018; 163(4): 811 - 818. DOI:10.1016/J.SURG.2017.08.022.

Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Length of Stay Reduction by Heart Rate Characteristics Monitoring
The Journal of Pediatrics. 2018; 198: 162 - 167. DOI:10.1016/J.JPEDS.2018.02.045.

Vital Sign Ranges in Premature Neonates Using High Resolution Physiologic Data
Pediatrics. 2018; 142(1_MeetingAbstrac): 133 - 133. DOI:10.1542/PEDS.142.1MA2.133.

An Ejection Fraction Measurement for the Masses*
Critical Care Medicine. 2017; 45(7): 1240 - 1241. DOI:10.1097/CCM.0000000000002492.

Cardiorespiratory dynamics measured from continuous ECG monitoring improves detection of deterioration in acute care patients: A retrospective cohort study
PLoS ONE. 2017; 12(8): e0181448. DOI:10.1371/JOURNAL.PONE.0181448.

CONTINUOUS MONITORING OF CARDIORESPIRATORY DYNAMICS DETECTS CLINICAL DETERIORATION IN ACUTE CARE PATIENTS
Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 2017; 69(11 (Supp.)): 531. DOI:10.1016/S0735-1097(17)33920-7.

External validation in an intermediate unit of a respiratory decompensation model trained in an intensive care unit
Surgery. 2017; 161(3): 760 - 770. DOI:10.1016/J.SURG.2016.09.018.

Hemorrhage prediction models in surgical intensive care: bedside monitoring data adds information to lab values
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine. 2017; 21(6): 1703 - 1710. DOI:10.1109/JBHI.2017.2653849.

New-Onset Atrial Fibrillation in the Critically Ill*
Critical Care Medicine. 2017; 45(5): 790 - 797. DOI:10.1097/CCM.0000000000002325.

The authors reply
Critical Care Medicine. 2017; 45(11): e1195 - e1196. DOI:10.1097/CCM.0000000000002664.

Vital signs and their cross-correlation in sepsis and NEC: a study of 1,065 very-low-birth-weight infants in two NICUs
Pediatric Research. 2017; 81(2): 315 - 321. DOI:10.1038/PR.2016.215.

Clinical associations of immature breathing in preterm infants: part 1—central apnea
Pediatric Research. 2016; 80(1): 21 - 27. DOI:10.1038/PR.2016.43.

Clinical associations with immature breathing in preterm infants: part 2—periodic breathing
Pediatric Research. 2016; 80(1): 28 - 34. DOI:10.1038/PR.2016.58.

Computers in White Coats: How to Devise Useful Clinical Decision Support Software*
Critical Care Medicine. 2016; 44(7): 1449 - 1450. DOI:10.1097/CCM.0000000000001781.

Early Detection of Sepsis—A Role for Network Physiology?
Critical Care Medicine. 2016; 44(5): e312 - e313. DOI:10.1097/CCM.0000000000001548.

Early Heart Rate Characteristics Predict Death and Morbidities in Preterm Infants
The Journal of Pediatrics. 2016; 174: 57 - 62. DOI:10.1016/J.JPEDS.2016.03.042.

Signatures of Subacute Potentially Catastrophic Illness in the ICU: Model Development and Validation*
Critical Care Medicine. 2016; 44(9): 1639 - 1648. DOI:10.1097/CCM.0000000000001738.

Stochastic modeling of central apnea events in preterm infants
Physiological Measurement. 2016; 37(4): 463 - 484. DOI:10.1088/0967-3334/37/4/463.

THE IMPACT OF INCIDENT ATRIAL FIBRILLATION IN THE INTENSIVE CARE UNIT
Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 2016; 67(13 (Supp.)): 2358. DOI:10.1016/S0735-1097(16)32359-2.