{"id":443,"date":"2017-05-17T10:42:10","date_gmt":"2017-05-17T14:42:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/med.virginia.edu\/houpt-group\/?page_id=443"},"modified":"2026-06-03T14:17:31","modified_gmt":"2026-06-03T18:17:31","slug":"afi","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/med.virginia.edu\/houpt-group\/research\/afi\/","title":{"rendered":"Acute Febrile Illnesses"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Acute febrile illness is a term to describe fever without a clear localizing source.\u00a0\u00a0These can be caused by a wide array of infections. Unfortunately a pathogen is not always identified through conventional methods like blood culture or serology.\u00a0\u00a0Our research has focused on developing a research diagnostic that can rapidly and accurately identify acute febrile illness agents.\u00a0\u00a0 We are using these diagnostics in global surveillance studies and to identify the cause of outbreaks in Tanzania.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Acute Febrile Illness TaqMan Array Card<\/strong><br \/>\nWe developed a real-time PCR-based TaqMan array card (TAC) that can simultaneously detect 26 AFI-associated organisms, including 15 viruses, 8 bacteria, and 3 protozoa.\u00a0 This TAC can be used in field settings for rapid screening in outbreak investigations or pathogen surveillance.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_519\" style=\"width: 673px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-519\" class=\"wp-image-519\" src=\"https:\/\/med.virginia.edu\/houpt-group\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/358\/2017\/06\/AFITAC-1024x757.png\" alt=\"Acute Febrile Illness TAC layout\" width=\"663\" height=\"490\" srcset=\"https:\/\/med.virginia.edu\/houpt-group\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/358\/2017\/06\/AFITAC-1024x757.png 1024w, https:\/\/med.virginia.edu\/houpt-group\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/358\/2017\/06\/AFITAC-300x222.png 300w, https:\/\/med.virginia.edu\/houpt-group\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/358\/2017\/06\/AFITAC-768x568.png 768w, https:\/\/med.virginia.edu\/houpt-group\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/358\/2017\/06\/AFITAC.png 1440w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 663px) 100vw, 663px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-519\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Figure 1 from Liu et al., J Clin Microbiol 2016<\/p><\/div>\n<p>Reference:<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/26491176\">Liu <em>et al<\/em>. Development of a TaqMan Array Card for Acute-Febrile-Illness Outbreak Investigation and Surveillance of Emerging Pathogens, including Ebola Virus. <em>J Clin Microbiol<\/em>. Jan 2016; 54(1):49-58<\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>Zikavirus surveillance<br \/>\n<\/strong>In partnership with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, we are using a version of the AFI TAC above to aid in Zikavirus (and acute febrile illness) surveillance to 7 different countries throughout the world.\u00a0 The UVA portion of this partnership has involved the deployment of the cards to the various sites and giving the necessary training to the local staff to process blood samples, prepare the TAC, and interpret the results.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Malaria TaqMan Array Card<br \/>\n<\/strong>According to the WHO, there were 212 million new cases of malaria worldwide in 2015.\u00a0 The bulk of cases were in sub-Saharan Africa, followed by the South-East Asia and Eastern Mediterranean regions<sup>1<\/sup>. Anti-malarial drug resistance exacerbates the global malaria burden and complicates eradication efforts. We developed a TaqMan Array Card that includes 87 assays for species identification and for the detection of mutations in <em>Plasmodium falciparum<\/em> contributing to resistance to chloroquine, atovaquone, pyrimethamine, sulfadoxine, and artemesinin. This card is capable of facilitating resistance surveillance in countries with high levels of malaria endemicity.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_522\" style=\"width: 477px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-522\" class=\"wp-image-522 \" src=\"https:\/\/med.virginia.edu\/houpt-group\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/358\/2017\/06\/MalariaTAC.png\" alt=\"Malaria TAC layout\" width=\"467\" height=\"496\" srcset=\"https:\/\/med.virginia.edu\/houpt-group\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/358\/2017\/06\/MalariaTAC.png 720w, https:\/\/med.virginia.edu\/houpt-group\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/358\/2017\/06\/MalariaTAC-283x300.png 283w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 467px) 100vw, 467px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-522\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Figure 1 from Pholwat et al., Antimicrobial Agents Chemother. 2017<\/p><\/div>\n<p>Reference:<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/28264857\">Pholwat <em>et al<\/em>. The Malaria TaqMan Array Card Includes 87 Assays for <em>Plasmodium falciparum<\/em> Drug Resistance, Identification of Species, and Genotyping in a Single Reaction. <em>Antimicrobial Agents Chemother<\/em>. Apr 2017; 61(5): pii:e00110-17<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>View other areas of research:<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/med.virginia.edu\/houpt-group\/research\/enteropathogens\/\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-567\" src=\"https:\/\/med.virginia.edu\/houpt-group\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/358\/2018\/04\/enterobutton-300x102.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"200\" height=\"68\" srcset=\"https:\/\/med.virginia.edu\/houpt-group\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/358\/2018\/04\/enterobutton-300x102.png 300w, https:\/\/med.virginia.edu\/houpt-group\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/358\/2018\/04\/enterobutton.png 325w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 200px) 100vw, 200px\" \/><\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/med.virginia.edu\/houpt-group\/research\/tuberculosis\/\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-566\" src=\"https:\/\/med.virginia.edu\/houpt-group\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/358\/2018\/04\/TBbutton-300x102.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"200\" height=\"68\" srcset=\"https:\/\/med.virginia.edu\/houpt-group\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/358\/2018\/04\/TBbutton-300x102.png 300w, https:\/\/med.virginia.edu\/houpt-group\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/358\/2018\/04\/TBbutton.png 325w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 200px) 100vw, 200px\" \/><\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/med.virginia.edu\/houpt-group\/research\/additional-research\/\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-564\" src=\"https:\/\/med.virginia.edu\/houpt-group\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/358\/2018\/04\/addlresbutton-300x102.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"200\" height=\"68\" srcset=\"https:\/\/med.virginia.edu\/houpt-group\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/358\/2018\/04\/addlresbutton-300x102.png 300w, https:\/\/med.virginia.edu\/houpt-group\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/358\/2018\/04\/addlresbutton.png 325w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 200px) 100vw, 200px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Acute febrile illness is a term to describe fever without a clear localizing source.\u00a0\u00a0These can be caused by a wide array of infections. Unfortunately a pathogen is not always identified through conventional methods like blood culture or serology.\u00a0\u00a0Our research has focused on developing a research diagnostic that can rapidly and accurately identify acute febrile illness [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2442,"featured_media":0,"parent":170,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"tags":[3],"class_list":["post-443","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry","tag-delete"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Acute Febrile Illnesses - Houpt Group<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/med.virginia.edu\/houpt-group\/research\/afi\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Acute Febrile Illnesses - Houpt Group\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Acute febrile illness is a term to describe fever without a clear localizing source.\u00a0\u00a0These can be caused by a wide array of infections. 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